Fe0去除地下水中六价铬的研究

为了研究零价铁去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效果及影响因素。在实验室条件下,通过批试验,考察了铁粉预处理、铁粉用量、初始pH及阳离子对六价铬去除的影响。结果表明:零价铁能够有效、快速的去除污染水体中的六价铬,机理为氧化还原和共沉淀;其去除率受铁粉预处理、铁粉投加量、初始pH及阳离子的影响;在酸性条件下,Fe2+浓度可以作为六价铬是否完全去除的指示剂。     

日粮锌源和锌水平对断奶仔猪血清及组织铜、铁、锌沉积的影响

选用临床检查健康的(26±2)日龄"杜×长×大"三元杂交断奶仔猪100头,按体质量和性别随机分为5组,每组20头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮+2000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+3000mg/kg氧化锌、基础日粮+250mg/kg蛋氨酸锌、基础日粮+500mg/kg蛋氨酸锌。试验期14d。于断奶后0,7,14d,经前腔静脉采血,用原子吸收光谱仪检测血清中铜、铁、锌水平。试验结束时,每组选5头仔猪放血致死,取心、肝、肾、脑、脾、胸腺组织,测定铜、铁、锌含量。结果显示,仔猪断奶后,血清中铜、锌水平显著或极显著下降(P0.05或P0.01);添加不同锌源和锌水平的高锌日粮能提高断奶仔猪肝、肾、脑、血清锌的含量,显著或极显著降低仔猪血清铜和心、胸腺铜以及脾铁水平(P0.05或P0.01),对血清铁及其他组织铁含量无明显影响。这表明高锌日粮能增加断奶应激仔猪体内锌水平,降低部分组织中铜、铁含量。     

溶磷菌在高磷铁矿石除磷技术中的研究进展

概述了溶磷微生物的除磷机理,介绍了相关溶磷菌在国内外高磷铁矿石中除磷方面的研究进展,并对今后溶磷菌在高磷铁矿石除磷技术中的研究工作进行了展望。     

生长秀节对糯玉米淀粉晶体结构和糊化特性的影响

以8个糯玉米品种为材料,利用X-射线衍射仪(X-Ray)和快速黏度分析仪(RVA)分析了淀粉在春季和秋季的晶体结构和糊化特性。结果表明,生长季节不影响淀粉的结晶类型,供试糯玉米淀粉样品的X-射线衍射图谱均表现出典型的“A”型衍射特征。然而,淀粉的晶体结构和糊化特性在生长季节间存在显著差异。和春季糯玉米淀粉相比,秋季糯玉米淀粉具有较高的结晶度、尖峰强度、峰值黏度、谷值黏度、终值黏度和崩解值。糯玉米淀粉的回复值较低,且秋季糯玉米淀粉显著低于春季糯玉米淀粉。淀粉的结晶度、尖峰强度和糊化特征值存在显著的基因型差异。相关分析表明,结晶度和各尖峰强度呈两两显著正相关。结晶度和峰值黏度、崩解值极显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.72和0.85),和谷值黏度、糊化温度显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.52和0.55),和回复值显著负相关(相关系数-0.49)。糯玉米淀粉糊化特性在不同生长季节中的变化主要由淀粉晶体结构(结晶度和尖峰强度)变化所致。     

土壤剖面胶体中铁氧化物及其厌氧还原特征研究

采用自由沉降法分离提取玄武岩赤红壤不同剖面深度的土壤胶体,分析其基本特征,并通过厌氧培养试验测试不同剖面土壤胶体中铁氧化物的厌氧还原特征。化学分析结果表明,土壤胶体中铁的游离度表现出A层>B1层>AB层的趋势,铁的活化度则随剖面深度的增加而降低,XRD、FTIR的表征结果显示,玄武岩赤红壤胶体中铁氧化物主要是结晶较差的赤铁矿和针铁矿。培养试验结果表明,不同剖面深度的土壤胶体厌氧培养过程中,Fe(Ⅱ)浓度均表现出不断增大的趋势,A层土壤胶体铁氧化物易被还原且累积量较高,可达(0.104±0.003)mg/g土。Fe(Ⅱ)的最大累积量随着土壤胶体中无定形铁的含量和铁的活化度的增加而增加,其速率常数与土壤有机质含量有一定的正相关关系。     

三江并流区土壤氧化铁及其发生学意义研究

采集云南省西部怒江、澜沧江、金沙江三江并流区8种不同类型土壤,进行土壤氧化铁及其发生学意义研究。结果表明,发育于第三纪古红土和玄武岩母质上的土壤全铁含量较高,铁游离度较低,活性铁和铁活化度也较低。不同类型土壤全铁含量由低到高依次为：高山草甸土〈紫色土〈黄棕壤〈棕色针叶林土〈棕壤〈红壤〈石灰土〈暗棕壤。棕壤、石灰土的土壤铁富集明显,处于富铁化阶段;红壤、紫色土、黄棕壤的土壤铝富集超过铁,铁的游离度很高,已进入富铝化阶段;暗棕壤、棕色针叶林土、高山草甸土的土壤风化发育尚停留在脱盐基的硅铝化阶段。     

Effects of ferrous iron (Fe) on the germination and root elongation of paddy rice and weeds

Laboratory experiments were conducted to analyze the iron (Fe) tolerance of paddy weeds and rice varieties (Oryza sativa) for germination and root elongation. Under a waterlogged soil condition, the Fe(II) content in a soil solution increased with an increase in the ratio of rice straw to the soil. In the presence of 0.9% (w/w) straw to soil, which corresponds approximately to 8 t of straw applied to an area of 1 ha × 10 cm depth in the field, ～80 mg L^?1 of Fe(II) was produced in the soil solution. Based on this result, the seeds of rice and the weeds were incubated in a solution with <100 mg L^?1 of Fe(II). The presence of 100 mg L^?1 of Fe(II) suppressed the germination of Echinochloa crus‐galli var. crus‐galli, Cyperus serotinus, Cyperus difformis, and Monochoria korsakowii. However, it had no effect on the germination of Echinochloa oryzicola, Schoenoplectus juncoides (= Scirpus juncoides var. ohwianus), and Monochoria vaginalis. This level of Fe tolerance was the same as that of rice. These findings suggest that E. oryzicola, S. juncoides, and M. vaginalis can grow under more severe conditions than E. crus‐galli, C. serotinus, C. difformis, and M. korsakowii. In relation to seminal root elongation, the order of tolerance of Fe toxicity was O. sativa cv. Dunghan Shali > O. sativa cv. Hoshinoyume > E. oryzicola > M. vaginalis > S. juncoides. Thus, the results show that the tolerance of rice is greater than that of E. oryzicola, which had a comparatively strong tolerance among the weeds examined, and also that there are differences in tolerance among the rice varieties. These findings suggest that the difference in Fe tolerance is involved in weed control systems when organic materials are applied. If this difference is an important factor in the weed control system, Fe‐tolerant rice varieties, like cv. D. Shali, could facilitate weed control systems due to their higher Fe tolerance ability.     

Ecophysiology of iron homeostasis in plants

In nature, iron (Fe) occurs in abundance and ranks fourth among all elements on Earth’s surface. Still, its availability to plants is reduced, once this element is in the form of hydrated oxides, which can limit plant productivity and biomass production. On the other hand, in high concentrations, this essential micronutrient for the plants can become a toxic agent, increasing the environmental contamination. Fe is necessary for the maintenance of essential processes like respiration and photosynthesis, participating in the electron transport chain and in the conversion between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺, being a key element for carbon dioxide (CO₂) fixation and, therefore, important for crop production of cultivated or natural species. The balance of Fe should be strictly controlled, because both its deficiency and its toxicity affect the physiological process of plants. In aerated soils Fe is present in the form of Fe³⁺, which is the oxidized form and is less available to plants, so these organisms have developed different strategies for absorption, transport and storage of Fe. Deficiency and excess of Fe correlate with local soil conditions and with the care adopted in plant nutrition during the phenological phases and/or in the course of its cultivation. In situations of excessive accumulation of Fe in tissues, an enhancement of hydroxyl radical generation (OH^?) occurs by Fenton reaction. Here, we review the nutritional, genetic and ecophysiological aspects of uptake, translocation and accumulation of Fe ions in plants growing under conditions of deficiency or toxicity of this metal.     

Iron fertilizers applied to calcareous soil on the growth of peanut in a pot experiment

A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L., Fabceae) to evaluate iron compound fertilizers for improving within-plant iron content and correcting chlorosis caused by iron deficiency. Peanuts were planted in containers with calcareous soil fertilized with three different granular iron nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) fertilizers (ferrous sulphate (FeSO₄)–NPK, Fe–ethylendiamine di (o-hydroxyphenylacetic) (EDDHA)–NPK and Fe–citrate–NPK). Iron nutrition, plant biomass, seed yield and quality of peanuts were significantly affected by the application of Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK to the soil. Iron concentrations in tissues were significantly greater for plants grown with Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK. The active iron concentration in the youngest leaves of peanuts was linearly related to the leaf chlorophyll (via soil and plant analyzer development measurements) recorded 50 and 80 days after planting. However, no significant differences between Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK were observed. Despite the large amount of total iron bound and dry matter, FeSO₄–NPK was less effective than Fe–citrate–NPK and Fe–EDDHA–NPK to improve iron uptake. The results showed that application of Fe–citrate–NPK was as effective as application of Fe–EDDHA–NPK in remediating leaf iron chlorosis in peanut pot-grown in calcareous soil. The study suggested that Fe–citrate–NPK should be considered as a potential tool for correcting peanut iron deficiency in calcareous soil.     

植物源铁生物有效性及评价方法研究进展

缺铁是个世界性的营养失衡问题,给人类健康和经济发展带来严重的负面影响。主要膳食中的铁缺乏或低生物有效性被认为是造成铁缺乏的主要原因。通过植物育种措施,尤其是提高植物源铁富集育种被认为是解决铁营养失衡最经济且有效的途径。然而,近年的研究表明,人体铁吸收与植物源有效铁量密切相关,而与铁积累总量没有相关性。快速、准确的评价植物源铁生物有效性对高有效性富铁作物育种意义重大。本文阐述了植物源铁富集和生物有效性的基因型差异及影响因素, 并分析了铁生物有效性评价方法的优缺点,为植物源铁生物有效性育种及评价提供参考。